Online trolling and harassment are increasingly affecting how women participate in politics in Namibia, with some politicians saying the abuse has led to self-censorship, anxiety and reduced engagement on public platforms.
Minister of information and communication technology Emma Theofelus says online abuse directed at women in politics is contributing to women limiting their public participation.
“Yes. Of course. No doubt,” Theofelus says when asked whether online trolling is silencing Namibian women in politics.
“Many women in politics are practicing self-censorship by limiting their engagement on social media platforms,” she says.
According to Theofelus, misogynistic attacks against women politicians are often intended to undermine their credibility rather than promote meaningful political discussion.
“The misogynistic narratives directed at women in politics aim to undermine their credibility and reassert traditional gender hierarchies, rather than engaging in legitimate political debate,” she says.
Landless People’s Movement youth leader Duminga Ndala says online trolling may not necessarily silence women entirely, but it has significant effects on how they engage in political discourse.
“Social media trolling does not necessarily silence women, but it does impact them in other areas. For instance women in politics become more cautious about expressing strong opinions on controversial issues as they fear being attacked online,” Ndala said.
She says online abuse can also reduce women’s participation on digital platforms and public discussions.
She adds that in severe cases, online trolling can affect women emotionally and psychologically.
“In extreme cases it causes anxiety, stress, and reputational concerns that affect their willingness to participate fully in political discourse.”
Member of parliament Justina Jonas describes online trolling as a tactic used to intimidate and discourage people operating in public spaces.
“Online trolling is often used by sponsored detractors or individuals whose aim is to shame, intimidate, discourage, or undermine a person’s growth and development in the field or space in which they operate,” Jonas says.
“This can occur in politics, social activities, business, or any other public sphere,” she adds.
Jonas, who says she has also experienced trolling, believes resilience is necessary for women in politics.
“As a victim of trolling myself, I believe that how one responds depends largely on the individual.
“However, if you operate in a public space, especially in politics, you must develop a strong sense of resilience so that you are not consumed by bullying that may negatively affect your confidence and self-esteem.”
She says politics can be particularly difficult for women because they often face greater scrutiny and criticism.
“Politics is not a space for the faint-hearted, particularly for women who often face additional scrutiny and criticism.
“Therefore, when you choose to enter politics, you must be prepared to withstand and manage whatever is thrown at you,” she says.
Jonas calls for stronger protection mechanisms for women who may struggle to cope with online abuse.
“Women, in particular, should be protected through appropriate laws, regulations and enforcement mechanisms that hold online trolls accountable for harmful conduct,” she says.
