LONDON – Lawmakers on Tuesday voted in favour of a law that sets the stage for the United Kingdom to be the first country in the world to allow a pioneering in vitro fertilisation technique using DNA from three people.
The technique could prevent mitochondrial diseases but also raises significant ethical issues.
The measure was passed in the House of Commons, 382 to 128, Speaker John Bercow said.
A further vote must be held in the UK’s upper house, the House of Lords, before the measure can become law. Passage of the law is opposed by Catholic and Anglican church leaders, in part because the process involves the destruction of an embryo.
One in 6 500 babies in the United Kingdom is thought to develop a serious mitochondrial disorder, which can lead to health issues such as heart and liver disease, respiratory problems, blindness and muscular dystrophy. Problems with mitochondria, the “powerhouse” cells of the body, are inherited from the mother, so the proposed IVF treatment would mean an affected woman could have a baby without passing on mitochondrial disease. But the cutting-edge IVF technique, which involves transferring nuclear genetic material from a mother’s egg or embryo into a donor egg or embryo that’s had its nuclear DNA removed, raises ethical questions.
The new embryo will contain nuclear DNA from the intended father and mother, as well as healthy mitochondrial DNA from the donor embryo – effectively creating a “three-parent” baby.
The amount of donor DNA in the mitochondria will, however, be much less than the parental DNA in the nucleus, which determines the baby’s characteristics. The Church of England’s national adviser on medical issues, the Rev Dr Brendan McCarthy, described the step as representing an ethical watershed and said more research and wider debate were needed.
“We accept in certain circumstances that embryo research is permissible as long as it is undertaken to alleviate human suffering and embryos are treated with respect. We have great sympathy for families affected by mitochondrial disease and are not opposed in principle to mitochondrial replacement,” he said.
“Our view, however, remains that we believe that the law should not be changed until there has been further scientific study and informed debate into the ethics, safety and efficacy of mitochondrial replacement therapy.”
Bishop John Sherrington, in a statement posted online by the Catholic Church in England and Wales, urged lawmakers not to rush into taking such a serious step.
“It seems extraordinary that a licence should be sought for a radical new technique affecting future generations without first conducting a clinical trial,” he said. “There are also serious ethical objections to this procedure which involves the destruction of human embryos as part of the process.” The California-based Centre for Genetics and Society, in an open letter to UK lawmakers last month, said that although the proposed goal was noble, “the techniques will in fact put women and children at risk for severe complications, divert resources from promising alternatives and treatments, and set a policy precedent that experimentation on future generations is an acceptable biomedical/fertility development.” – CNN
