Elite Capture and State Neglect in Namibia

Henny H SeibebON 15 SEPTEMBER 2019, 23 functionaries of the Landless People’s Movement (LPM) undertook a self-paid trek by bus to Cape Town in search of knowledge at the Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (Plaas), hosted under the faculty of economic and management sciences (EMS) at the University of the Western Cape (UWC).

The delegation attended a week-long training course on core issues related to poverty, inequality, natural resources management, land and agrarian reform, and fisheries management. The other highlight was a field trip to Robertson where the delegation shared experiences and best practices on urban land struggles with radical movements such as Ndifuna Ukwazi and Reclaim The City.

In August last year, a similar trip was undertaken by 15 LPM functionaries to Plaas, which puts the total number of beneficiaries at 38. Plaas offers, amongst others, a postgraduate diploma in poverty, land and agrarian studies and MPhil in research. This served our delegation well, as we could tap into the wisdom of world-class academics.

LPM leader Bernadus Swartbooi attended a short course on the political economy of land governance in Africa last year at Plaas, and recently completed a postgraduate diploma in poverty, land and agrarian studies. As LPM focuses on poverty, land and agrarian reform, it is critical that its leaders equip themselves with theory and practice on these subject matters.

The time and space provided by Plaas accorded us an opportunity to reflect on what the critical shortcomings we face in agricultural and urban land struggles in Namibia are, and what sort of evidence-based policies we could craft for implementation. The critical element was to draw the vicious link between poverty and land. Increasing poverty levels lead to widening gaps in inequality.

The four drivers of inequality could be identified in our case as colonial land grab, spatial economy, overdeveloped core, and unskilled/semi-skilled human capital. The history of land dispossession and resultant genocide led to the vicious cycle of landlessness in urban settings, and thus created poverty traps and the concentration of cheap labour in rural areas, which the current government is failing to rectify. Whereas beef farmers rake in huge profits in the overdeveloped core, small-scale farmers struggle in the under-developed periphery.

This rings true for South Africa also. For example, the South African economy is extremely controlled by small and large corporations in the overdeveloped core, as 75% of food is sold through Pick n Pay, Shoprite, etc, rendering small-scale farmers hopeless.

There is thus a huge disconnect between political rhetoric of a spatial economy, wherein South African president Cyril Ramaphosa dreams about smart cities, bullet trains, and gentrification on one side, and what ordinary, mainly poor blacks, hope for a better life for all.

There is a need to imagine change driven from below, which calls for a broader, coherent vision of rural futures.

Therefore, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and activists alike need to engage with research for informed, sustained and better choices for action. It is important to understand the world, in order to change it. Equally so, rage is necessary, but not sufficient.

Therefore, as social movements, we need to imagine alternative futures in this post-Keynesian economics. It is painfully clear where the neoliberal free market prescripts have led our country to: de-industrialisation, massive sector declines (46% youth unemployment), and an increase in corruption.

We should constantly expand our understandings of “development” in the current governance model.

Despite the early 21st century ravages of the post-financial crisis, which was largely caused by a global financial meltdown, we are nonetheless yearning for a radical economic programme to build the economy and create jobs.

Despite the ruling party referring to itself as based on “socialism with Namibian characteristics”, all we witness is the criminalisation of public institutions, public enterprises, and grand-scale looting. But even without this, the current Swapo policies, which the government so actively promotes through the Harambee Prosperity Plan and NDP5 as progressive, will not advance a meaningful socio-economic transformation. State and capital are mutually implicated in grand-scale looting.

The ruling party is objectively, and sometimes subjectively ,the accomplice of the merchant class. Most certainly, failure and impoverishment of the ordinary people will follow if the Geingob administration relies too much on foreign direct investment.

To rectify the wrongdoings of the past 29 years, we call for the crafting of an active industrial policy, which will unleash the full potential of the productive forces. An active industrial plan with teeth to reinvigorate production, giving rise to economic modernisation with jobs, and redistribution, not merely relying on austerity.

An economic plan is desired that would ensure that society takes control of the economics, which shall not be entirely based on private capitalism, nor on state capitalism, but shall include environmental and democratic imperatives. We shouldn’t continue, as was, as if nothing should happen!

• Henny H Seibeb, deputy leader of the Landless People’s Movement (LPM)

In an age of information overload, Sunrise is The Namibian’s morning briefing, delivered at 6h00 from Monday to Friday. It offers a curated rundown of the most important stories from the past 24 hours – occasionally with a light, witty touch. It’s an essential way to stay informed. Subscribe and join our newsletter community.